Jerusalem and What it Means to be English

A new book from Professor Jason Whittaker examines one most iconic works of English literature, Jerusalem, and how it has become essential to the character of England.

Jerusalem: Blake, Parry and the Fight for Englishness documents the history of the hymn and the poem it originated from; looking at the complex way in which it has come to be an emblem for Englishness.

Professor Whittaker, Head of School of English & Journalism at the University of Lincoln, UK, takes an in-depth look at William Blake’s 1804 poem ‘And did those feet in ancient time’, and how, after Sir Hubert Parry first set it to music and titled it Jerusalem, the song has become an anthem for England.

The book traces the often complicated contexts in which the hymn has been used over the past one hundred years to convey differing notions of Englishness.

Professor Whittaker examines these settings, exploring how the hymn has spanned the political divide, from its origins during the First World War, through to events such as its use in the London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony, and its invocation during debates around the EU referendum in 2016.

Professor Whittaker said: “‘Jerusalem’ clearly holds a special place in the hearts of people throughout the country, and when I have discussed the idea of this book, a considerable number of people have told me – often with touching nostalgia – their own memories of singing the hymn in their youth, as part of a school choir, cricket team or something similar.

“It has become synonymous with something essential to the character of England and Englishness, and frequently the site of mental fight regarding what is meant when we talk about Englishness. My own book does not seek to impose a meaning on ‘Jerusalem’, but instead to explore some of the many ways in which we have sought to build it in our green and pleasant land.”

Jerusalem: Blake, Parry and the Fight for Englishness is published by Oxford University Press and is available now.

Professor Whittaker also teaches on the University’s MA Creative Writing and Publishing programme. The programme is offered in partnership with The Guardian and provides students with the opportunity to develop their skills and build a portfolio with support from an academic coach and professionals in the publishing industry. The University recently hosted an online taster session for the programme with renowned columnist Polly Toynbee and features writer Coco Khan, and will be hosting further in person taster sessions on July 15 and 25.